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A UPS (uninterruptible power supply) is an electrical device that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, normally the mains power, fails or becomes otherwise intermittent. A UPS differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system, which operates when the input power source fails. UPS systems are designed to allow sufficient time for a graceful shutdown of computer equipment, to prevent damage from power surges, and to provide sufficient time to switch to an emergency power source.
A UPS is an extremely valuable piece of equipment that is used to protect computer systems from power disturbances. These disturbances can be caused by lightning strikes, electrical wiring problems, and sudden power outages.
The sudden power outage causes a brownout, which is a drop in the voltage supplied to the equipment. The brownout can also be caused by the utility company intentionally reducing voltage to avoid a blackout. During these power disturbances, the UPS will provide power to the equipment until the input power returns to its normal levels. UPS systems are available in both line-interactive and on-line configurations.
A line-interactive UPS provides power to the equipment by regulating the voltage and frequency that it receives from the UPS. Line-interactive UPS systems can also sense when the input power has failed and disconnect the load from the input power source. On-line UPS systems provide power to the equipment by regulating the voltage and frequency that it receives from the UPS. Unlike a line-interactive UPS, an on-line UPS does not sense when the input power has failed. Instead, the on-line UPS provides power to the equipment by regulating the voltage and frequency that it receives from the UPS.