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A UPS (uninterruptable power supply) is an electronic device that provides emergency electrical power to a load when the input power source (usually mains power) becomes unstable or fails completely. UPS systems are designed to provide short-term power when the input power source fails, and then to switch to a secondary source of power.
There are three basic designs for UPS systems:
Standby (or true) UPS systems have an uninterruptible power supply that provides emergency power to the load. The UPS provides battery power to the load when the input power source fails. UPS systems can supply power from the battery for a varying length of time, depending on the size of the battery and the load power requirements. The continuous load power requirements must not exceed the continuous power rating of the UPS system.
Line-interactive UPS systems have an uninterruptible power supply that provides emergency power to the load. The UPS provides continuous power from the input power source when the input power source is stable and within operating parameters. When the input power source fails, the UPS switches to the battery and provides battery power to the load. The UPS system switches back to the input power source when the input power source returns to normal conditions and within operating parameters.
On-line UPS systems have an uninterruptible power supply that provides emergency power to the load. The UPS provides continuous power from the input power source when the input power source is stable and within operating parameters. When the input power source fails, the UPS switches to battery power and provides battery power to the load. When the input power source returns to normal conditions and within operating parameters, the UPS switches back to the input power source.
All UPS systems provide surge protection. Some systems also provide other features, such as battery charging, filtering, and control of electrical output voltage.
Standby and line-interactive UPS systems provide protection from an input power source failure, but not from a utility power failure. On-line UPS systems provide protection from input power source failure and utility power